4-HO-TMT Mechanism of Action

Studies on 4-HO-TMT show that it has a strong affinity with the 5HT2A receptor associated with learning, memory, neurogenesis, desensitization, and re-sensitization. 5HT2A, found in the brain, gut, and cardiovascular system, is the same receptor that psilocybin, LSD, and DMT bind with to create psychedelic effects. 

4-HO-TMT also effectively binds to 5HT1A and 5HT2B receptors, influencing and regulating several bodily functions, including mood and physiological processes. 

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• 5HT1A is a specific subtype of the serotonin (5-HT) receptors tha
  
  • Increases dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.
  • Induces peripheral vasodilation and stimulates the vagus nerve.

• 5HT2B is another type of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor that:
  • Inhibits serotonin and dopamine uptake.
  • Regulates cardiac structure and function.

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4-HO-TMT Effects

Currently, no published testing of 4-HO-TMT in humans or animals exists. Its robust interaction with the 5HT2A receptor shows psychedelic promise, but whether it can produce full mind-altering effects depends on its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

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4-HO-TMT Cognitive Effects

Assuming 4-HO-TMT binds to 5HT2A receptors in the brain, it would likely induce psychedelic effects, affecting mood, perception, and potentially hallucinations. However, further research is necessary to confirm this. Other research suggests it could elevate mood without inducing hallucinations.

The chemist, Jochen Gartz, who discovered aeruginascin, proposed that 4-HO-TMT and aeruginascin could increase the chances of a good trip. He made these conclusions based on lab analysis of reports from 23 individuals who consumed aeruginascin-containing mushrooms and reported only positive experiences. The mechanism behind this effect is unknown, but CaamTech developed a 4-HO-TMT compound and is sponsoring research based on this theory.

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4-HO-TMT Physical Effects

An online theory suggests that aeruginascin, and by association, 4-HO-TMT, could be partially responsible for a phenomenon known as "wood lover paralysis," which causes temporary paralysis in some individuals. 

An early theory by Andrew Chadeayne suggests 4-HO-TMT and aeruginascin could be catalysts for “wood lovers' paralysis” due to their similarity to bufotenine, a compound found in psychedelic toad venom from "Bufo" toads. Bufotenidine binds to a receptor known as 5HT3A, which can interfere with the nerves that mediate muscle contractions.

However, a later review of 4-HO-TMT's interactions with various serotonin receptors indicates that it does not interact with the 5HT3A receptor. If 4-HO-TMT is responsible for paralysis, it will act through a different mechanism. 

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4-HO-TMT Benefits

Researchers think 4-HO-TMT may contribute to positive trips and magic mushroom benefits through the "Entourage Effect". Coined by the cannabis industry, the Entourage Effect refers to the idea that plant compounds synergize in the body to amplify the overall therapeutic and psychoactive outcomes. However, further research is needed to explore the pharmacology of other naturally occurring tryptamine compounds.

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4-HO-TMT Risks

As a general rule, tryptamines like 4-HO-TMT have a good safety profile. However, biochemistry is complex, and until scientists conduct clinical trials, no one can make assertions regarding potential risks. 

Some literature expresses concerns about tryptamines interacting with serotonin and 5HT2B receptors after a study showing a connection to cardiac valvulopathy (heart valve disease). Still, researchers mention 4-HO-TMT's low binding affinity to 5HT2B, suggesting cardiac concerns may not be an issue.

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4-HO-TMT Legality

4-HO-TMT is not an illicit scheduled substance anywhere in the world. However, due to its similar molecular structure to psilocybin, some laws might consider it an analog of psilocybin. The Federal Analogue Act in the United States could cause legal troubles for individuals selling or transporting 4-HO-TMT. However, no legal proceedings around 4-HO-TMT are on record.

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The Bottom Line

4-HO-TMT, a metabolite of aeruginascin found in certain species of psilocybin mushrooms, shows potential psychoactive effects and may contribute to mood modulation and psychedelic experiences.

Its mechanism of action involves binding to serotonin receptors, particularly the 5HT2A receptor. However, human studies on 4-HO-TMT are lacking, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and induce mind-altering effects is still uncertain. The compound's physical impact, benefits, and risks require further investigation, particularly its role in the entourage effect and potential cardiac concerns.

Legally, 4-HO-TMT is not classified as a scheduled substance, but its analog status could lead to illicit implications in some jurisdictions. Continued research is necessary to fully understand the properties and impact of 4-HO-TMT.

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Tryptamine Testing at ACS Laboratory

At ACS Laboratory, we understand the importance of high-quality and accurate tryptamine testing for mushroom brands and producers. Our state-of-the-art facilities and highly trained team allow us to accurately test for 4 HO TMT along with seven other tryptamines in psychedelic mushrooms from DEA-registered facilities. 

Contact ACS Laboratory today to ensure your products meet legal standards and deliver the best possible experience for your customers. Let us help you maintain a standard of excellence 

Below is an example of a mushroom Certificate of Analysis published with permission from our client.